What you should know about endometriosis
The exact cause is unknown, but possible factors include genetics, immune system disorders, and retrograde menstruation (where menstrual blood flows backward into the pelvic cavity instead of leaving the body).
Endometriosis is a chronic and often painful condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus. The ovaries, fallopian tubes, the outer surface of the uterus, and other organs in the pelvic area all contain this tissue. Here’s what you should know:
1. Symptoms
Severe menstrual cramps
Chronic pelvic pain
Pain during or after sex
Heavy or irregular periods
Painful bowel movements or urination (especially during menstruation)
Fatigue
Infertility
2. Causes and risk factors
The exact cause is unknown, but possible factors include genetics, immune system disorders, and retrograde menstruation (where menstrual blood flows backward into the pelvic cavity instead of leaving the body).
This condition is more common in women with a family history of endometriosis.
3. Diagnosis Challenges
It can take years to get diagnosed because symptoms can mimic other conditions.
The gold standard for diagnosis is laparoscopy, a minimally invasive surgery that allows doctors to see and biopsy endometrial-like tissue.
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Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, causing inflammation, scar tissue, and severe pelvic pain. It can begin with the first menstrual period and persist until menopause, sometimes affecting fertility.
— The Eastleigh Voice (@Eastleighvoice) March 22, 2025
The exact cause is… pic.twitter.com/TxGUaOanBo
4. Impact on Fertility
About 30–50% of women with endometriosis may experience infertility.
It can cause scarring and inflammation that affect the ovulation and implantation of a fertilised egg.
5. Treatment Options
Pain Management: Over-the-counter painkillers (e.g., ibuprofen) or prescription medications.
Hormonal Therapy: Birth control pills, progesterone therapy, or GnRH agonists reduce oestrogen levels.
Surgery: Laparoscopic surgery to remove lesions and scar tissue, sometimes necessary for severe cases.
Lifestyle Changes: Diet, exercise, and stress management can help reduce symptoms.
Fertility Treatment: Assisted reproductive technologies (e.g., IVF) for those struggling with infertility.
6. Myths vs Facts
Myth: Endometriosis is just bad period pain.
Fact: It’s a chronic condition that can cause pain even outside of periods.
Myth: Pregnancy cures endometriosis.
Fact: Symptoms may improve but can return after childbirth.
Myth: Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) is a cure.
Fact: It may relieve symptoms for some, but it’s not a guaranteed cure, as endometrial-like tissue can grow outside the uterus.
7. Awareness and advocacy
Many women suffer in silence due to lack of awareness and medical dismissal of symptoms.
March is Endometriosis Awareness Month, aiming to educate and push for better research and treatment options.
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