Expired makeup risks: Experts warn of skin infections, eye damage and vision loss
While expired makeup may seem harmless, dermatologists and ophthalmologists are warning that using old cosmetics can cause serious skin and eye problems, some with lasting consequences.
As the beauty industry continues to expand with new product launches and seasonal trends, many consumers find their makeup bags filled with half-used products, some years past their expiration dates.
While expired makeup may seem harmless, dermatologists and ophthalmologists are warning that using old cosmetics can cause serious skin and eye problems, some with lasting consequences.
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According to the American Academy of Dermatology, expired makeup not only loses its effectiveness but can also become a breeding ground for harmful bacteria, mould, and fungi. Once a product’s preservative system breaks down, it can no longer prevent microbial growth.
“When makeup expires, its chemical structure breaks down. This not only makes it less effective but also allows bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa to thrive. These bacteria can trigger skin infections, rashes, and even dangerous eye conditions,” explains Dr Lena Marks, a board-certified dermatologist and co-author of the study.
Eyes at risk: infections and vision threats
Eye makeup—particularly mascara, eyeliner, and eyeshadow—poses the highest risk. Because these products come into close contact with mucous membranes, they provide a direct pathway for bacteria to enter the eyes.
“We see a spike in patients with conjunctivitis, styes, and even corneal ulcers linked to old mascara or eyeliner,” says Lena. “In rare but serious cases, eye infections from contaminated makeup can lead to vision loss.”
Mascara, often used daily for bold lashes and stored in warm, moist conditions, typically lasts just three months. Beyond that, the risk of contamination rises sharply.
Skin reactions: from irritation to long-term damage
Expired foundations, powders, and lip products can also trigger a range of skin issues, from acne breakouts caused by clogged pores to contact dermatitis marked by redness, itching, and swelling.
Prolonged inflammation can lead to hyperpigmentation or scarring, and degraded ingredients may cause allergic reactions, particularly in those with sensitive skin.
“Lipsticks, for example, can harbour bacteria and cause chapping or infections, especially if they’ve been used during illness (like a cold sore episode). While for cream-based products are particularly susceptible due to their higher moisture content.”
How to tell if makeup has expired
Manufacturers often print a PAO (Period After Opening) symbol—a small, half-open jar icon with a number indicating how long the product remains safe after opening, such as “6M” for six months or “12M” for twelve months.
If there is no label, consumers should watch for warning signs such as a sour or chemical odour, a change in texture like clumping, separating or drying out, or a colour shift.
Any skin reaction, such as itching, redness, or burning after use, should also be taken as a sign to stop using the product.
Best practices: when in doubt, throw it out
Doctors advise replacing mascara and liquid eyeliner every three months, foundation and concealers every six to twelve months, and lipsticks and glosses within twelve to eighteen months.
Powders and eyeshadows can last up to two years, but they should be discarded sooner if there are any changes in appearance, texture, or smell.
Maintaining good hygiene is also key—washing makeup brushes weekly and storing products in a cool, dry, and clean environment helps reduce the risk of contamination.
Consumer awareness still lacking
Despite growing awareness, a 2025 survey by the Skin Health Alliance found that 67 per cent of makeup users admitted to using products well past their expiry date, with many unaware of the risks.
“I didn’t realise my five-year-old eyeliner could cause a stye,” said Emily Mwende, a 26-year-old from Ruiru.
A stye is a red, painful lump near the edge of the eyelid, resembling a boil or pimple.
“I just thought if it still applied fine, it was safe, plus I do not always check my makeup expiration date. I had to stop using makeup overall after that incident.”
Using expired makeup might seem like a way to save money, but the dangers—from mild irritation to severe eye infections—are real.
Experts say consumers should treat beauty products like perishable goods: track opening dates, follow expiry guidelines, and maintain good hygiene.
“Your skin and eyes are too important to gamble on a tube of old mascara or foundation. When it comes to makeup, fresh is always safer,” Dr. Mark noted.
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